i have no voltage at the trigger side of the relay that controls the ficm. its supposed to have battery voltage at all times and gets grounded by the ficm to close the relay to provide main voltage to the ficm. i believe theres a fault between the hot side of the trigger and battery voltage. Answered in 19 minutes by: Ford Mechanic: POWERSTROKE.Kylenatoli7.3 Discussion starter · Feb 7, 2018. I've been running into some electrical issues lately and I've narrowed it down to what I believe is the starter relay. Appears to be a relay right behind passenger battery mounted on side wall. Had intermittent no start and no power to outside fuse box and interior fuse box.Mar 24, 2008 · Next. Pocket · #2 · Mar 24, 2008. It could be IPR. Try unplugging the ICP sensor and driving around like that. If the truck runs better, then it's a faulty ICP sensor causing the issue. If the truck runs the same, then more than likely it's the IPR. But it sounds like you're on the right track. Curtis. This relay is located under the hood on the drivers side fender well in the fuse panel next to the firewall. To read about a no-start caused by a bad relay ...1 thg 11, 2009 ... ... FICM to the FICM relay, to activate the relay. THERE IS however, 12+ ... 0 said: Sounds like a bad FICM to me. Harry. Click to expand ...On 2003-2004 trucks, the relay box is small and contains 2 relays. The FICM Control Relay is the one closest to the engine. On 2005+ trucks, the relay box is large and contains several relays and fuses. The FICM Control Relay is the one that is closest to the engine and radiator (forward-right position). The relay is nearly always GRAY in color.In many cases an intermittent starting problem is linked to a bad wire connection that may become dirty due to exposure under the hood. 4. Clicking sound coming from the starter. This symptom is common when your battery is low on amps, but is also an indicator that your starter relay is not sending a full signal.Usually a bad or failing flasher relay will produce a few symptoms that can alert the driver of a potential issue. 1. Turn signals or hazards do not function. The most common symptom of a bad or failing turn signal / hazard flasher is hazards or turn signal lights that do not function. If the flasher breaks or has any internal issues it can ...The inside of the FICM is just a P.C. board and then all the wires exiting into the female connector body. If there is a way just to replace the connectors that might solve my problem. I was hoping the connector pins would be visibly soldered into a board and I would find a cracked solder point or two. No luck there.On 2003-2004 trucks, the relay box is small and contains 2 relays. The FICM Control Relay is the one closest to the engine. On 2005+ trucks, the relay box is large and contains several relays and fuses. The FICM Control Relay is the one that is closest to the engine and radiator (forward-right position). The relay is nearly always GRAY in color.Should the ficm relay have 2 full time hots 1 key hot and 1 ground??. ... crank as soon as i stop cranking my icp pressure drops fastly to 3 psi then 0 on my edge cts or could i be looking at a bad ICP. 05 F250 CCSD, 6 Speed, EGR Delete, 4in Cat-Back (no kitty no muff), SCT x3 (Eric's Xtreme Race Tune), Edge CTS Insight, Custom Intake, Fog ...Aug 11, 2020 · Ford 6.0 code: PID 134 FMI:10 (BUS CAN) 6.0L Power Stroke Diesel - FICM not Talking to the PCM - 2004 F-250 6,0L. Recently had the oil cooler changed, EGR Delete installed and the Radiator replaced. After a week of running it died on the road. Turns over but not a hint of ignition. Mech has told me the codes say the Fuel Injection Control ... 6.0 ficm relay wiring problem. I have an 04 6.0 f250. My problem started when I pulled out my ficm relay to test in another truck. Ended up just putting a brand new one in mine (I know for sure it works tested it in another truck) ever since then I might have put 10 miles on the truck and started having connection issues with the relay And it ...The most common signs of a bad FICM relay are difficulty starting the vehicle, click noise from the starter, and overheating relays and codes. What are the …Pins 85 and 86 are on the control side of the relay. Power from the switch flows into the relay at pin 85 and out to a chassis ground from pin 86, making a complete circuit that activates the relay's electromagnet. The magnet closes the second independent circuit within the relay that runs between pin 87 and 30.Nov 21, 2017 · Adam B Discussion starter · Nov 21, 2017. 2007 Ford F-550, 245k miles all stock and original. My FICM relay keeps getting hot and then it will lose power to the FICM. You can stick a new relay in and the truck will start and run but if you turn the switch off and try to start it back up, the power to the FICM is gone and the FICM relay is hot ... Any voltage reading below 45 volts indicates a bad FICM and will need to be replaced. If you receive a 0 voltage reading while cranking you may have a bad FICM fuse and or relay. Another way to test the FICM is to use a voltage meter to test voltage at the FICM itself. There is a small inspection cover on top of the FICM that has two T-20 torx ...The FICM, intake ducting, air filter/MAF assembly, and many other items must be removed to gain access to the passenger-side rocker arm cover. The P2149 Dilemma. Since the FICM disables the electrical circuits of all four injectors in each group, testing the injector circuits with a lab scope is a waste of time.Next. Pocket · #2 · Mar 24, 2008. It could be IPR. Try unplugging the ICP sensor and driving around like that. If the truck runs better, then it's a faulty ICP sensor causing the issue. If the truck runs the same, then more than likely it's the IPR. But it sounds like you're on the right track. Curtis.As the title says I removed my FICM relay as vehicle theft, especially 6.0's, is really bad in my city... Anyways the SOTF isn't currently working. It was working flawless for over two months of me spamming the heck out of it. Then I removed the FICM relay a week ago and noticed it quit working so I hooked up the VCM scanner to see which tune file was selected if any, and well it said position ...85,242 Answers. There is a diagram on the side of the relay that shows the contacts and the power and ground inputs that energize the electromagnetic coil that closes the contracts. Apply 12 volts and a ground and the relay should click and be closed.. Below is a diagram of a standard relay Ford uses. The lines are the blade contacts on the ...Sep 16, 2019 · james2488 · #20 · Sep 19, 2019. I know after changing fuel filters I usually cycle the fuel pump a good number of times to try and prime everything back up (I even pre-fill the oil filter from my 7.3 habits) and it cranks about .5 seconds longer than normal operation. The location of the Bank 1 camshaft position sensor is manufacturers specific. Bank 1 can locate either the right or left side of the engine. The best way to check the location of the camshaft position sensor bank 1 is by checking the vehicle service manual. For a perfect example, you can take the Ford v9 and chevy v8.The average ABS control module replacement cost is between $200 and $1500, depending on the car model and labor costs. The ABS control module should cost between $150 and $900 for parts, and the rest is the cost of labor. If you complete the replacement yourself, labor won't run you anything. Otherwise, professional fees might run from $80 to ...Mercedes released an updated overprotection relay with a red top and 2 fuses. The original ones had a gray or black top with only one fuse, and are highly susceptible to failure. If you are having a cold start problem, a good way to see if the overprotection relay is the problem is to pull it out, and then try starting the car.FICM relays are often over looked but provide the critical transfer of amperage from your charging system to the FICM. If your truck has more than 100000 ...Sep 25, 2008 · If it was a P0611 (FICM Performance) that occurs intermitantly it could be a malfunctioning FICM relay. I'd checked the FICM relay, should be the only grey colored ISO relay in the battery junction box. Check and see if it has any signs of overheating (melted). FICM FIXER, LLC 3751 Main Street. Suite 600-360. The Colony, TX 75056. Phone: 214-616-7858 [email protected]) 7.3 Power Stroke Diesel Fuel Heater Problems. Fuel heater. – The fuel heater can short out and blow maxi fuse #22, disabling the PCM. Disconnect the fuel heater, replace fuse, re-try start. Replacement cost about $3 for the fuse. Always carry spare fuses, including maxi fuses, in the glove box.Signs of A 6.0 Powerstroke PCM Failure. Starting and stalling problems are the primary signs of detecting a bad 6.0 Powerstroke PCM. However, those who have spent a few years with car engines know that those signs are also caused by different parts' failure. Without running certain diagnostics, it is hard to tell if the module is the real ...A few visible symptoms of a bad FICM on Duramax indicate an internal issue with the module that needs to be fixed to restore its function. Difficulty in starting a vehicle. Misfiring injectors. Strong fuel smell and clicking sound. Sending failure codes and overheating. Rough idling. Poor fuel economy. Excessive release of smoke.1. ghohouston · #11 · Mar 25, 2014. After you get a new ford cps and icp sensor installed, you need to get a scanner on it for a buzz test, and further testing, unless you can find someone with an idm to lend you to check if that's the problem. 1997 F350 SRW CCLB 7.3 ZF5 4x4. Reply.There are three main ways of fixing a failed FICM. The first option is by removing the FICM, opening it, and changing the power board. The power board is in charge of changing the 12-volts received from your Ford Powerstroke engine to the 48-volts the injector needs. Many times, the power board is the cause of a failed FICM.A Look at Symptoms of a Bad Ignition Switch Vehicle Stalls. This is one of the most important and common symptoms of a bad ignition relay switch. A car that stalls during driving is unusual and only points to a few things. A burned-out ignition relay switch will cut power to the engine. This is why it stalls.The other problem is the FICM harness-- It is secured at the side of the alternator with a Zip tie. Cut the tie and pull the wires out. inspect carefully. Be sure you insulate the harness from the bracket, as the whole problem is the FICM bracket has a sharp edge and cuts into the wires.A failing FICM can cause all sorts of problems, but one of the most common symptoms is an engine that is hard to get started, especially when the engine is cold or has sat …Ford F-150 for factory, Chilton & Haynes service repair manuals. Is not a bad truck for only paying 0 for it , ran good and started just fine no issues. Mar 10, 2021 · Here is a more detailed list of the most common symptoms of a bad accelerator pedal position sensor. I drove a hand-me-down 2003 F-150 SuperCrew 4. Bing: Symptoms Of Bad Ficm OnWe can repair all FICMs used on 6.0L diesel engines. NOTE: Below are a list of known model numbers. This is NOT a complete list so if you do not see your part number listed please call us at 800-547-2049 . 4C3Z-12B599-BARM. 4C3Z-12B599-ABRM.4. When testing from pin 1 (brown/yellow wire) on c270b connector with it unplugged to pin 5 of ficm relay I have nothing. No continuity. I try to trace the wire, but it goes into a harness, up into a bigger harness and I assume through the firewall. According to the diagram, it should come out on connector c134 pin 6.1999 to 2016 Super Duty - FICM repair or replace? - I am trying to diagnose a likely bad FICM on my 2005 6.0. I bought and installed the FICM in August 2011, a Swamps 58V unit, and it solved my problem back then immediately. They were great overnighting the FICM to me while I was on vacation in Michigan, Thanks...umm attempting to start these trucks with poor batteries is very hard on the FICM. causes a very high rate of FICM failure over a fairly short time period, say 3-6 months tops. the glow plug system has caused so few problems on the whole 6.0 line that it is one of the last places I would look. a weak FICM frequently does do better when the truck is …Disabled power side, or bad Duramax FICM fuse can be the root of the problem. To solve this problem, take the FICM out and change the power side of the unit. The replacement of the faulty power side should resolve the power loss problem of your vehicle. Rough Engine. A rough engine is one of the symptoms of bad FICM relay. The engine finally ...About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...The bulk of most no-start conditions on an LB7 have to do with the fuel system, some with the starting system, and occasionally there will be trouble caused by other sensors like the camshaft position sensor, crankshaft position sensor, fuel injection control module, a faulty ECM, and more. Likely if there is an issue with any of those …Fuses: none blown Ficm relay: tried known good, no difference Oil temp: 66.2 F Ficm_lpwr: 13 koeo, koec 11.5 Ficm_mpwr: 48 koeo, koec 48.5 Ficm_vpwe: 13 koeo, koec 11.5 V-ref: 4.99 koeo, koec 4.98 Vpwr: 13.2-13.4 koeo, koec 12.68 Fuelpw: 0s koeo, koec 2.38ms I bought one of those dso 138 diy scopes cuz it was cheap and fastest thing to get and ...S. Swamp Discussion starter · Oct 30, 2009 (Edited by Moderator) 6.0's, FICM's and cold-start issues. If your 6.0 will not start cold, the issue may be either the glow plugs or glow plug controller, or it can be the FICM (Fuel Injection Control Module). If after a long cranking with no start you get a lot of white smoke (raw unburnt fuel ...2. R. Rl14776 Discussion starter · #4 · Dec 24, 2015. Thanks. From what I'm seeing under my hood I only have 2 relays. In the cab I have a fuse for the ficm but no relay. Is the 06 different from the 04? 2004.5 F250 6.0. Studded, deleted, updated internals etc..2004 ford 6.0 no power at FICM logic or ficm relay not getting voltage to FICM itself. Had cab off for head gasket repair, double checked ficm connectors to confirm along with ground on intake bolt. … read moreSome products' contacts are press-fitted by riveting. The main drawbacks are loose contacts, cracks in the contacts, or excessive size and position deviation. This will affect the contact reliability of the relay. The faults of contact components generally include contact overheating, wear, and welding.A 6.0 FICM or fuel injection control module is what provides power and control to the fuel injectors. The FICM is mounted on supporting brackets above the valve cover on the driver’s side of the engine and was used on the 6.0 Power Stroke engines. There are three large electrical connections on the bottom side of the FICM, one for the engine ... Along with the most obvious and commonly encountered signs, there are some other symptoms to warn when air gets in the vehicle’s power steering and causes various trouble. So, let’s learn about those significant symptoms in detail –. 1. Unusual Noises, Stiff Or Hard Steering Performs & Bubbles In The Reservoir Fluid: symptoms are: 1) Crank no start- no trigger power to ficm relay or fuse under hood.. 2) fuel pump under truck seems to run extremely long or runs constantly. 3) radio and entry lamps seem to stay on extremely long. 4) when I jump 12v to relay truck fires right up runs but seems to surge.Module (FICM) − 6.0L Rear window defrost, Heated mirrors Windshield wiper motor (17508) Auxiliary Climate Control Heated seats Ignition switch (11572), Run power circuit Transfer case low to high relay, Transfer case high to low relay Driver seat module (14C718) (with memory), Seat adjust switch, driver side front (14A701) (without memory)The FICM should not be replaced if this type of wet residue is found. Clean and dry the connectors as needed. No extra dielectric grease needs to be added to the FICM connectors. Inspect for wire harness chafes on the Fuel Injection Control Module (FICM) wiring harness retaining bracket. This is an aluminum bracket very close to the FICM ...Jan 7, 2016 · A failed relay will disable the dash lights and warning chimes that normally come on when the key is inserted into the ignition, and will probably be unable to start or turn over the vehicle. 2. Engine will not start. Another common symptom of a problem with the ECM power relay is an engine that will not start or turn over. We can repair all FICMs used on 6.0L diesel engines. NOTE: Below are a list of known model numbers. This is NOT a complete list so if you do not see your part number listed please call us at 800-547-2049 . 4C3Z-12B599-BARM. 4C3Z-12B599-ABRM.Oct 1, 2023 · This loss of power might be because of a failed fuel pump relay or fuel pump failure both of which ultimately affects the fuel that gets to your vehicle’s engine. It could also be one of the symptoms of a bad fuel pump. Once the fuel is cut off, the engine loses power and stalls. So, whenever your vehicle stalls suddenly, then you might have ... All FICM-Voltage PID's in spec. Only codes related to EGR delete & P1000. Checked all grounds & voltage at FICM X3 connector - all good. FICM Voltage read directly 58V IGN ON, drops to 55V cranking. Checked Injector harness - seems OK, all injector coils measure in spec for resistance at FICM Connectors X1 & X2.A high-pressure system leak or bad high-pressure oil pump can also cause a low ICP condition. But always verify IPR function before assuming a high-pressure oil system leak or HPOP failure. FICM voltage and synch are also critical to starting and drivability on the 6.0. 45 to 48 volts is acceptable.Fuel pump relay bad (swap with horn relay and retest). 5. Possible defective pump control module . DTC P1690 - Fuel Injection Pump CKP Sensor Does Not Agree With ECM CKP . 1. Monitor RPM reading of the following: ECM engine speed (crank position sensor See DTC P0336) vs. engine speed CMP (cam position sensor) vs. injection pump RPMThe FICM, intake ducting, air filter/MAF assembly, and many other items must be removed to gain access to the passenger-side rocker arm cover. The P2149 Dilemma. Since the FICM disables the electrical circuits of all four injectors in each group, testing the injector circuits with a lab scope is a waste of time.Adam B Discussion starter · Nov 21, 2017. 2007 Ford F-550, 245k miles all stock and original. My FICM relay keeps getting hot and then it will lose power to the FICM. You can stick a new relay in and the truck will start and run but if you turn the switch off and try to start it back up, the power to the FICM is gone and the FICM relay is hot ...The FICM, intake ducting, air filter/MAF assembly, and many other items must be removed to gain access to the passenger-side rocker arm cover. The P2149 Dilemma. Since the FICM disables the electrical circuits of all four injectors in each group, testing the injector circuits with a lab scope is a waste of time.You will also see some symptoms that happen when the ICP sensor goes bad. 6.0 Powerstroke Bad ICP Sensor Symptoms: Along with the signs, there are some specific symptoms that show that your ICP is having some problems. When you face these symptoms, you should check your ICP and take your car to the servicing centers.The standard 48 volts that a ficm provides to the injectors can flucuate erratically between 24 and 48 volts when a ficm is failing, and can do this for along time before it finally quites working. One other thing, make sure both your batteries and charging system are in good shape, as bad batteries or charging system are considered to be the ...Next check your FICM voltage. It should be 48 volts. Remember that the FICM is a two part item: a power board, which often fails, and a logic board which does the computing and communicates with the injectors. Just because the voltage reads OK, doesn't mean the FICM is not your problem, as the computer logic board might fail.Bank 1 can locate either the right or left side of the engine. The best way to check the location of the camshaft position sensor bank 1 is by checking the vehicle service manual. For a perfect example, you can take the Ford v9 and chevy v8. Both have banks 1 and 2 CMP sensors, but the location varies according to the manufacturer.Know how to detect a bad 7.3 IDM by reading the symptoms explained in this part without skipping. It can save you a lot of trouble. 1. Running Problem. Lots of truck owners complained that they were having issues while driving the truck. All of a sudden, it stalls and starts right back up.Reply. Save. Like. 1 - 4 of 4 Posts. JustinOOO9 · #2 · Jul 30, 2019. Double check the wire connecters under the FICM. Check for burnt/bent pins. The connectors under the ficm are fickle and almost never click in the first time leading to similar situations with the injector issue moving.Adam B Discussion starter · Nov 21, 2017. 2007 Ford F-550, 245k miles all stock and original. My FICM relay keeps getting hot and then it will lose power to the FICM. You can stick a new relay in and the truck will start and run but if you turn the switch off and try to start it back up, the power to the FICM is gone and the FICM relay is hot ...2004 ford 6.0 no power at FICM logic or ficm relay not getting voltage to FICM itself. Had cab off for head gasket repair, double checked ficm connectors to confirm along with ground on intake bolt. … read more• The FICM power circuit runs from the FICM (connec-tor C1388C(X3), pins 4,23,24,25), goes through the C1282 (12 pin) connector, pin 12 and connects at the FICM power relay. • The FIVE FICM ground pins (1, 2, 3, 22, 26) are all tied together inside the FICM. Hence, no independent affect on a PID. 12 PID FICM LPWR FICM VPWR FICM MPWRThe inside of the FICM is just a P.C. board and then all the wires exiting into the female connector body. If there is a way just to replace the connectors that might solve my problem. I was hoping the connector pins would be visibly soldered into a board and I would find a cracked solder point or two. No luck there.FICM symptoms/tests other than 48V check. 6.0L Power Stroke Diesel 2003 - 2007 F250, F350 pickup and F350+ Cab Chassis, 2003 - 2005 Excursion and 2003 - 2009 van.Aug 9, 2014 · All Injectors are new. I'm using ForScan w/generic reader. 160 rpm cranking, FICM SYNC OK, IPR 15% cranking, ICPDES 1025psi, ICP 1.63V. All FICM-Voltage PID's in spec. Only codes related to EGR delete & P1000. Checked all grounds & voltage at FICM X3 connector - all good. FICM Voltage read directly 58V IGN ON, drops to 55V cranking. Dual mass flywheel bad (used in 2003 & 2004) If the FICM has low voltage it will often cause a hard start and rough run when cold, but the problem may clear up as the engine warms. The symptoms are very similar to stiction. Buy 6.0 Ford FICM and Related Parts. Low Power Make sure the PCM and FICM are flashed to the latest calibration.This article takes a closer look at two signs that your starter relay may be suffering from problems. 1. Your Car Won't Start. Few signs of automotive trouble prove as definitive as a car that simply won't start. While a variety of different underlying issues may keep a car from firing up, a bad starter relay often lies at the heart of the problem.could be a number of things from low oil to low batteries. fuel injector control modual or bad injectors are really common on the 6.0l try giving the batteries a slow charge out of the vehicle. could also be a glow plug concern. try plugging the block heater in and see if it has the same effect. most likely fuel injectors or the ficm tho. fuel injectors run about $100 a peice and 3 or so hrs ...As a result of the lack of electrical current, there will be no combustion. 2. How To Tell If A Relay Is Bad - Dim Lights. You will be unable to drive in the dark if the relay for your headlights fails. It is possible that the headlights will not work at all or will be too dim to see in the dark. 3.Dec 6, 2010 · Next check your FICM voltage. It should be 48 volts. Remember that the FICM is a two part item: a power board, which often fails, and a logic board which does the computing and communicates with the injectors. Just because the voltage reads OK, doesn't mean the FICM is not your problem, as the computer logic board might fail. 6.0L Power Stroke Diesel - 2006 FICM no power issue - alright I have a 2006 f250 and I get 0 volts to ficm volt power, 0 to ficm main power and 0 volts to ficm logic power. could go out there 10 minutes later and have all power correct and will fire up and run perfect. then after running about 1 to 10 minutes will...the FICM will engage the FICM relay. This in turn provides the *FICM PWR and *FICM Logic PWR voltages to the FICM. The FICM provides a feedback signal to the PCM indicating when the FICM is providing control signals to the injector (fueling) (via CAN2 link and *FICMM signal). The FICM will cycle through the injector outputs when the key is ...We'll note that a bad ground or a short somewhere in the engine's wiring harness is often misdiagnosed as PCM failure, don't confues those 7.3 PCM failure symptoms with the real deal. As a general rule of thumb, if all fuses check out OK (especially the PCM relay) and a sufficient scan tool is unable to communicate with the PCM, it is ...The PCM relay, also known as the powertrain control module relay, comes with a power relay that provides battery voltage to the right PCM circuits. This type of contact relay is activated using a signal wire or the ignition switch. This relay applies to all vehicles that use the OBD-II system, especially those vehicles that are newer than 1996 ...There are a few warning signs that will signal that you may have a bad or failing wiper module. Listed below are some of the symptoms that you should consider. 1. Wiper blades won't turn on or off. The wiper module's primary job is to send a signal to the wiper motor which powers the wiper blades. Before it can control the speed or duration of ...The example below shows a 2002 LB7 engine cranking over with the ignition relay unplugged. Note that the fuel rail pressure is at 24,053 psi. As stated previously, the fuel pressure with the ...Bad breath is one of those conditions that you’d pretty much rather get swallowed by a sinkhole than find out you’re suffering from. It’s embarrassing, and it can pretty much bring every aspect of your life to a full stop. Check out below f...If your car takes longer to turn over than normal on a cold morning, this could also be a warning sign. The presence of white smoke until the engine warms. This could be a sign of injection timing or injection pump issues, both of which would impact glow plugs and the relay. It is likely not a coincidence if the white smoke clears out as soon ...Checked the pins on the old ficm and got 0 vdc( seven pin ficm, pass side top pin in row o, VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, , 1. Car starts but immediately stalls. One of the most common symptoms of a bad ASD relay is an engin, Symptoms of a Failing 7.3 Powerstroke IDM. If the IDM isn’t working properly, the inj, Source: advanceautoparts. A trouble with the PCM means it cannot det, This loss of power might be because of a failed fuel pump relay or fuel pump failure both of which ultimately affects t, The standard 48 volts that a ficm provides to the injectors can flucuate erratically b, Being able to identify the symptoms of a failing FICM relay is , A bad ECM relay might cause your car to crank, instead of sta, Bostech WH02703 Fuel Injector Control Module (FICM) , A relay symbol is an image used to denote an electrically opera, The standard 48 volts that a ficm provides to the inject, u1064 = Body Control Module. Sounds like the BCM isn't on the, Symptoms of a Bad Main Relay. When your vehicle’s main re, Usually when a control module has begun to fail, it will begin to show, The most common signs of a bad FICM relay are difficulty sta, The slower the charge, the more likely they'll act, adjacent to, the broadcast as competently as keenness o.